Kościan County (powiat kościański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kościan, which lies 40 km south-west of the regional capital Poznań. The county contains three other towns: Śmigiel, 13 km south-west of Kościan, Czempiń, 13 km north-east of Kościan, and Krzywiń, 18 km south-east of Kościan.
The county covers an area of 722.53 km2. As of 2006 its total population is 77,760, out of which the population of Kościan is 24,102, that of Śmigiel is 5,452, that of Czempiń is 5,135, that of Krzywiń is 1,547, and the rural population is 41,524.
Kościan County is bordered by Poznań County to the north, Śrem County to the east, Gostyń County to the south-east, Leszno County to the south, Wolsztyn County to the west and Grodzisk Wielkopolski County to the north-west.
